Strength of Muscle depends on
# of fasiculi
Arrangement of fasiculi – tendon pattern
Direction of pull
Leverage
Size
# of motor units
Muscle naming
Attachment location
Shape
Division of heads
Action
Size
Origin & insertion points
Facial Muscles
Origin on superficial fascia or underlying skin
Inserts on skin
Cutaneous
7th cranial nerve innervates
Orbicularis Oculi
Circular muscle around the eye
Closes eyelind – wink blink
Corregator
Just above obicularis oculi
Pyramid shaped – frowning muscle
Orbicularis Oris
Circular muscle around the mouth
Kissing muscle
Procerus
Longitudinal muscle
Wrinkles nose or flare nostril
Buccinator
Transverse muscle
Keeps food between teeth – a cheek
Frontalis
Longitudinal muscle
Raises eyebrows
Vertically oriented
Occipitalis
Based on the occipital
Occipitofrontalis
Frontalis + Occipitalis
Galeal aponuerotica lies between them
Mastication Muscles – chewing
4 paired muscles
Temporalis
Radiate
Inserts on mandible
Mandible Sling
Masseter
Inserts on outer Ramus of mandible
Vertical orientation
Power stroke of chewing
Medialpterygoid
Vertical orientation
Inerters on inner Ramus
Lateral Pterygoid
Perpendicular orientation
Can open or protrude jaw
Tounge
Intrinsic
Within the tounge
Speech whistling and can change the shape of the tounge
Extrinsic
Outside the tounge
Lets the tounge move in and out of the mouth
Neck
Platysma
Thin superficial broad sheet that covers lateral side of the neck & shoulder
Inserts on mandible
Contractions pull down corners of mouth
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternum – origin
Clavicle – origin
Mastoid – Insertion
Flexor and extensor
Rectus Abdominus
Spine flexor
Tendonous intersections
Inserts on xiphoid process
Origin on pubic crest
Erector Spinae
Posture muscle
3 columns formed
back extensor
Iliocostalis
Lateral most
Origin at ilium
Insertion along ribs
Longisimus
Intermediate and largest
Inserts on vertebra/ribs
Origin on sacrum
Spinalis
Most medial
Abdomen
3 pair of muscles
rotate spine
compress abdomen
External oblique
Fibers run medial & inferior
Inserts on aponeurosis
Internal oblique
Runs medial & superior
Transverse abdominus
Run medially
Thorax
Internal Intercostal
Fibers run medial & inferior
Only used when needed
Pulls ribs down
External Intercostal
Fibers run superior & medial
Elevates ribs
Used in normal breathing
Diaphragm
Dome Shaped
Originates from the circumference of body
Inserts on its own central tendon
Contractions pull diaphragm down to increase the volume the lungs can use for more air
3 openings
Aortic hiatus
Inferior vena cava
Esophageal hiatus
Trapezious
3 parts
Upper
Middle
Inferior
Inserts on Scapular spine
Originates on occipital
Deltoid
Forms rounded contour of shoulder
Actions shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Pectoralis Major
Origin Clavicular head & anterior surface of the sternum
Insertion intertubercular groove of the humerus
Flex adduct and rotate humerus
Latisimus Dorsi
Extends humerus adduction
Inserts on humerus
Originates 2 on scapula
Biceps Brachii
Flexor of elbow
Originates on coracoid process
Inserts on radius
Triceps Brachii
Extensor of elbow – biceps antagonist
Inserts on olecranon process
Originates 2 on humerus 1 on scapula
Forearm muscles
A lot
Short version
Anterior side = flexion of wrist carpals & phalanges & supinator
Posterior side = extensor or wrist carpals & phalanges & pronator
Psoas
Hip & spine flexor
Knee extensor
Iliacus
Hip & spine flexor
Knee extensor
Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris & 3 vasti – lateralus intermedius medialis
Rectus femoris
Originates at ilium
Inserts on knee
Flex hip
Knee extension
The 3 Vasti muscles
Originate on femur
Insert on knee
Knee extension
Sartorius
Allows us to cross legs at the knee
Longest muscle in the body
Flex knee and hip
Gluteus Maximus
Extension & lateral rotation
Hamstring
Biceps femoris
Most lateral
Extends hip
Flex knee
Semi Tendonosis
Middle
Extends hip
Flex knee
Semi Membranosis
Extend hip
Flex knee
Calf or Crural Muscles
Anterior Posterior and Lateral
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsal Flexion
Extends toes
Peronius Longus
Lateral
Plantar Flexion
Inversion of the foot
Gastocnemius
Posterior
Originates on distal end of femur
Inserts on calcanoues
Responsible for push for locomotion
Achilies tendon
Plantarflexion
Flexion of knee
Soleus
Posterior
Inserts beside calcaneous
Plantarflexion
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