Reproductive system
Charge with the maintenance of the species
Gender determined by chromosomes
XX = Female
XY = Male
Male determines sex of offspring
Within 2 months can usually determine the childs sex
Organs are homologous
Gonads can be Testes(M) or Ovaries(F)
Tubes can be Vas Defferens(M) or Falopian(F)
Scrotum(M) or labia Majorum(F)
Male
Essential Organs
Testes(M)
Produces sperm
Androgens
testosterone
Accessory Organs
Duct system
Vas deferens
Epididmus
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Scrotum
Copulatory organ (Penis)
Testes
Begin descent @ 7 month and travel through the inguinal canal
Suspended by spermatic cord
Spermatic cord made of
Vas deferens
Spermatic vein/artery/nerves/lymph vessels
Creamaster muscle
Contracts when cold
Expands when hot
Sperm needs 3 degree lower temp than the body to be produced
Tunica albugenia
White outer covering
Forms cone shaped lobules
200~300
In lobules
Seminiferous tubules
Beginning of
Spermatogenesis
Beginning of sperm
Spermiogenisis
Morphologicl maturation of sperm
Sperm is now able to fertilize
Epididmus
Storage and maturation of sperm
Becomes fertile here
4 weeks storage
Smooth muscle moves sperm into vas deferens
Vas Deferens
Goes into body cavity
Inguinal canal
Loops on top of the urinary bladder
Ampulla of vas deferens + seminal vesicle = ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct
Through prostate gland
Empties into prostatic urethra
Seminal Vesicle
Posterior side of the urinary bladder
Produces viscous fluid
High fructose(sugar) content
Provides energy for sperm
Prostate gland
Doughnut shaped
Proximal end of the urethra
Produces a milky & alkaline fluid
For sperm motility & protection
Bulbourethral gland
Either side of the membranous urethra
Empties into cavernous urethra
Produces alkaline mucoid
For lubrication
Cavernous bodies of the penis
Made of sponge like meshwork
Endothelial lined vessels
erection
Arteries dialate
Veins constrict
Causes blood engorgement
Root of penis
Bulb
Glans Penis
Distal end of penis
Margin corona
Prepuce (foreskin)
Female
Essential organ
Ovary
Produces gamete (ova)
Estrogen
Progesterone
Accessory organs
Internal genitalia
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
Uterus
vagina
external genitalia
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
Mammory glands
Ovary
In pelvic cavity
Homologous to testes
Nodular glands
3 grams
Either side of the uterus
Suspensory ligament
from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis
Lateral side
Mesovarium ligament
Between
covers the ovaries
Broad ligament
Includes other ligaments
wide fold of peritoneum
connects the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis
hylus located medially
cortex outer
has follicles
medulla inner
no follicles made of LCT
OOgenisis
the creation of an ovum
metaphase II stalls out
ovum leaves body
unless a sperm finishes miosis
produces 1 ovum & 3 polar bodies when fertilization occurs
follicle cells
basic units of female reproductive biology
They contain a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg)
follicles are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte
1 layer thick
Other layers are granulosa cells
Mature follicle (graafian)
Has a fluid filled antrum
Ovulation is the release of the oocyte when the antrum ruptures
Follicle is the source of estrogen
Follicle becomes corpus luteum
No fertilization
Corpus luteum lasts 2 weeks
Produces progesterone & estrogen
Fertilized
Corpus luteum lasts 6 months
Produces progesterone & estrogen
As can the placenta
Uterine tube
An ovary is not directly connected to its adjacent Fallopian tube
Joins uterus superior & laterally & proximal
Distal end is open
Upper 2/3 ampulla usual fertilization site
Infundibulum
is a funnel-shaped cavity or organ
fimbriae
finger like projections that push the oocyte
the cilia of the fimbriae sweep the ovum into the Fallopian tube
work together to get fertilized egg to uterus
ciliated epithelium
peristaltic contractions
Ectopic pregnancy
Bad news
pregnancy implants outside the uterine cavity
Uterus
Anterior to rectum
Posterior & superior to urinary bladder
Flexed anteriorly
Hollow and thick walled
Functions to receive retain and nourish conceptus
Major portion = body
Upward portion = fundus
Neck = cervix
Cervical canal opens into uterus
Internal os (uterus)
External os (vagina)
Perimetrium outer
Myometrium middle muscle
Endometrium inner
2 layers
Stratum basale deepest
Stratum functionalis
Shed in menstruation
Vagina
Birth canal
Thin wall
Fibromusculo tube
Between rectum and bladder
From cervix to outside of the body
Menstrual debry leaves
3 layers
Fibrous adventitia
Muscularis
Inner mucousa
Has ridges with rugae
No glands
Lubricated by vestibule & cervix
pH 3.5~4
extensible & elastic
Vulva
Mons pubis
Fatty lined area above pubic symphysis
Labia majoris
Fatty folds of skin
Labia minora
Fat free fold of skin
Delicate
Vestibule
Between minor and major labia
Has vestibular glands
Clitoris
Homologous to glans penis
Mammory glands
Present at birth
Enlarge in females during puberty
By adding ducts and adipose tissue
Areola gain pigment, enlarge & gain sensitivity
Modified psuedoriferous glands
Contained in rounded brest
Areola & nipple
Autonomic nervous system
Tactile and cold stimulations
15~20 lobes radiate around the nipple
Lobules contain aveoli
Aveoli produce milk
Mammory ducts travel to the nipple
Develop further during pregnancy
Enlarge with even more ducts & glands within 2 months
Secretory by 9 months
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